On October 29, 2025, an American chipmaker named NVIDIA became the first company in human history worth five trillion dollars — meaning a single company with roughly 36,000 employees was briefly worth more than the annual economic output of every country except the United States and China
NVIDIA’s $5 trillion valuation on 29 October 2025 was not a measurement of what the company produced. It was a measurement of what the global investment community expected the company to produce, across the next three to five years, under a specific set of assumptions that had to…